全球肥胖的問題越來越嚴重,成人如此,小孩也一樣,而孩童時期肥胖,未來成年後肥胖、罹患糖尿病、高血壓的風險也較高。大家都知道飲食很重要,而生活型態更是不能忽略,其中睡眠就扮演了重要角色。
“沒錯!睡眠就是這麼重要!” “對小孩呢?” “當然更重要阿!” 民謠唱著『嬰嬰睏,一暝大一吋』不是沒道理。另外很少被注意到的是,嬰幼兒的睡眠跟日後肥胖也是密切相關,美國哈佛大學學者的前瞻性研究發現,嬰兒時期到7歲學齡前的睡眠時間越短,孩童在7歲時有肥胖、腰圍粗、脂肪多的風險也比較大!研究結果發表在2014年6月份小兒科學期刊 «Pediatrics»。
在一千多位追蹤的嬰幼兒中,透過與媽媽們的訪談,記錄嬰幼兒在6個月大、1歲-7歲每年周歲時孩童的睡眠時間長短,睡眠時間包括早上下午的片刻小睡以及夜晚的長睡時間,依睡眠時間長短打分數並將總分多寡分為五個等級,而當孩童成長到7歲時,測量其身高、體重、計算BMI、測量全身體脂肪、腹部脂肪、腰圍及臀圍,再分析嬰幼兒時期的睡眠時間與肥胖、體脂肪之間的關聯性。至於研究中所謂睡眠時間不足,在6個月-2歲是指小於12小時、3歲-4歲是指小於10小時、5歲-7歲是指小於9小時。
分析結果發現,若以睡眠時間最多者為參考組,則睡眠時間最短的孩童,其肥胖風險較高(約2.6倍)、腰圍臀圍較粗、全身體脂肪及腹部脂肪也明顯較多。
過去就有研究探討睡眠與肥胖之間的關聯性,發現較差的睡眠品質或太短的睡眠時間都與肥胖或心血管疾病相關。而此研究告訴我們這樣的關聯性早在嬰兒時期就已經開始,學者們提出許多可能的解釋,包括大腦神經內分泌的調控、飲食行為的改變、生理晝夜機制運轉、基因與環境及睡眠交互作用等等。至於影響睡眠的因素眾多,學者提到在這個科技網路發達的時代,看電視、用電腦、打電玩、玩智慧型手機也都與孩童睡眠時間縮短有關。
當我們哼著『嬰仔嬰嬰睏,一暝大一吋』時,可能得改唱『嬰仔攏嘸睏,一暝肥一吋』。
趕快告訴你(妳)的孩子: “寶貝!快去睡吧!”
(Photo via wallpapersleaf.com )
參考資料
Taveras EM et al. Chronic sleep curtailment and adiposity. Pediatrics. 2014 Jun;133(6):1013-22.
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